Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
Chronic migraine: classification and comparisons
Z Katsarava1, A Manack, M-S Yoon
1Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. Zaza.Katsarava@uk-essen.de
Objective:
The objective of our study was to field test different chronic migraine (CM) criteria and compare CM epidemiological profiles, which include demographic, personal, and lifestyle characteristics, with high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) and low-frequency episodic migraine (LFEM).
Methods:
Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 18,000 18-65-year-olds in demographically diverse regions of Germany. The epidemiological data for the three classifications of CM, LFEM and HFEM were assessed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square, and analysis of variance tests.
Results:
Among 9350 respondents, CM_I was the most restrictive (N = 37, 0.4%), followed by CM_II (N = 45, 0.5%) and CM_III (N = 185, 2.0%). CM groups did not differ in distribution by age, gender, body mass index, education or smoking and alcohol consumption. Compared to those with LFEM and HFEM, those with CM (CM_III) had significantly different epidemiological profiles.
Conclusions:
CM prevalence varies by case definition. The epidemiological profiles of the three CM groups are similar but differ significantly from those of HFEM and LFEM. Optimal definitions for clinical practice and epidemiological research require additional field testing.
Related Concept Videos
Epilepsy ll: Types
Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
Classification of Asthma
Seizures: Classification
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

