Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
Published on: May 4, 2021
NIH Consensus Development Conference statement: inhaled nitric-oxide therapy for premature infants
F Sessions Cole1, Claudia Alleyne, John D E Barks
1Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. cole@kids.wustl.edu
Premature birth poses significant risks to infants. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) shows equivocal effects on pulmonary outcomes, survival, and neurodevelopment in premature infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Premature birth is a critical public health issue globally.
- Infants born before 32 weeks' gestation face high risks of mortality and lifelong morbidities.
- Economic costs associated with neonatal intensive care are substantial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the benefits and risks of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy in premature infants.
- To provide a responsible evaluation of current data for healthcare professionals, families, and the public.
Main Methods:
- A consensus-development conference was convened by multiple National Institutes of Health institutes.
- Evidence from 14 randomized controlled trials involving premature infants (≤ 34 weeks' gestation) was reviewed.
- Experimental work in animal and model systems was considered.
Main Results:
- Experimental studies suggest nitric oxide may promote lung growth and reduce inflammation.
- Randomized controlled trials in term and near-term infants showed positive results.
- However, combined evidence from trials in premature infants showed equivocal effects on pulmonary outcomes, survival, and neurodevelopment.
Conclusions:
- The efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in improving pulmonary outcomes, survival, and neurodevelopment in premature infants remains uncertain.
- Further research is warranted to clarify the role of iNO in this high-risk population.
More Related Videos
07:15Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
06:15Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Published on: March 6, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils, connected...