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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
07:50

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

Colorectal cancer epigenetics: complex simplicity.

Manon van Engeland1, Sarah Derks, Kim M Smits

  • 1GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, PO Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands. manon.van.engeland@mumc.nl

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|January 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, influencing a distinct subgroup of tumors. Understanding these epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs, is key to advancing CRC management.

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) has traditionally been viewed as a genetic disease driven by accumulating genetic mutations.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of epigenetic alterations in CRC pathogenesis, defining a distinct tumor subtype.
  • Epigenetic dysregulation involves multiple molecular layers, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate recent findings on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in colorectal cancer.
  • To elucidate the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations in CRC.
  • To discuss the implications of understanding CRC epigenetics for clinical management.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research data from various studies on colorectal cancer epigenetics.
  • It integrates findings on DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and noncoding RNA involvement.
  • The review examines the interactions between these epigenetic mechanisms and genetic alterations.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a key feature in a subgroup of colorectal cancers, impacting their etiology and prognosis.
  • Multiple epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs, are intricately involved in CRC development.
  • Complex interactions between epigenetic processes and genetic alterations are increasingly being understood.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is emerging as a critical factor in understanding multistep carcinogenesis, potentially paradigm-shifting from genetics in CRC.
  • A comprehensive understanding of epigenetic regulation in CRC offers new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Future management of colorectal cancer will likely be significantly influenced by advances in epigenetic research.