Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026
06:47
Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
Published on: January 28, 2021
The effect of decreasing renal function on lipoprotein profiles.
Per-Ola Attman1, Ola Samuelsson, Petar Alaupovic
1Department of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. per-ola.attman@vgregion.se
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) alters lipoprotein profiles, increasing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing ApoB and ApoC-III as kidney function declines. This study characterizes these changes in relation to glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Lipid Metabolism
Background:
- Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to dyslipidemia.
- Dyslipidemia in CKD involves increased concentrations of ApoB and ApoC-III-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, LDL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the distribution of individual lipoprotein subclasses.
- To examine the relationship between lipoprotein subclasses and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in nondiabetic CKD subjects.
Main Methods:
- Studied 51 subjects (33 CKD, 18 asymptomatic) with GFR from 12-120 mL/min.
- Determined individual ApoA- and ApoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses using immunoaffinity chromatography and electroimmunoassays.
- Measured GFR via plasma clearance of iohexol or (51)Cr-EDTA.
Main Results:
- No changes in ApoA-lipoproteins were observed with decreasing GFR.
- ApoB-lipoprotein levels significantly increased as GFR decreased.
- Subjects with the lowest GFR showed a moderate increase in cholesterol-rich LpB and a threefold increase in ApoB- and ApoC-III-containing lipoproteins, with elevated plasma ApoC-III.
Conclusions:
- Reduced renal function significantly alters lipoprotein profiles in CKD.
- The primary alteration is an increased concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein subclasses containing both ApoB and ApoC-III.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
01:26Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
01:22Bioavailability: Influencing Factors
Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
01:14Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug
In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
01:22Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...