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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
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The one-compartment open model leverages urinary excretion data to estimate renal clearance, which gauges the kidney's capacity to expel a drug. This method offers several benefits, including directly measuring drug elimination and assessing the kidney's contribution to overall drug clearance. However, this approach has limitations. It assumes sole renal excretion of the drug, which is not true for all drugs. Accurate urinary excretion and plasma drug concentration measurement can also be...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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A numeric model to simulate solar individual ultraviolet exposure.

David Vernez1, Antoine Milon, Laurent Francioli

  • 1Institute of Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland. david.vernez@hospvd.ch

Photochemistry and Photobiology
|January 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists created a computer model to estimate solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This tool helps assess UV doses for skin cancer prevention without needing individual dosimetry.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Photobiology
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary cause of skin cancer.
  • Assessing individual UV exposure is challenging due to limited data.
  • Novel methods are needed to accurately quantify UV exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computational model for simulating human solar UV exposure.
  • To predict UV dose and distribution based on environmental and morphological factors.
  • To provide a tool for skin cancer prevention research and risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D computer graphics and a rendering engine to model UV exposure on a virtual manikin.
  • Calculated solar energy absorption by each surface element, considering direct, diffuse, and reflected radiation, plus self-shading.
  • Validated model predictions against 54 field dosimetric measurements using a foam manikin.

Main Results:

  • The developed model accurately predicted solar UV exposure.
  • The symmetric mean absolute percentage error between predictions and measurements was 13%.
  • 50% of model predictions fell within a 17% range of the measured data.

Conclusions:

  • The computational model offers a viable alternative to time-consuming individual dosimetry for UV exposure assessment.
  • This tool has significant potential for research in skin cancer prevention and public health.
  • Accurate UV exposure assessment can aid in developing targeted prevention strategies for outdoor workers and recreational users.