[Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Part II: application in clinical practice]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

• Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an advanced thermoplastic polymer with significant clinical applications in orthopaedics and trauma medicine.
• Various PEEK modifications and composites exist, including bioactive forms containing beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, tailored for specific physical properties and applications.
• Surface modifications, such as laser treatment and the incorporation of titanium or hydroxyapatite layers, are being investigated to enhance PEEK's performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive analysis of the tests and clinical applications of PEEK and its composites in medicine.
• To review the use of PEEK thermoplastics and their derivatives in joint replacement surgeries.
• To explore the potential for novel applications of PEEK, particularly carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) composites.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical studies and product information on PEEK-based implants.
• Analysis of PEEK material properties and modifications relevant to orthopaedic applications.
• Evaluation of clinical outcomes and performance data for PEEK implants in various orthopaedic procedures.

Main Results:

• PEEK implants, such as the VerSys Epoch Fullcoat Hip System, demonstrate reduced stress-shielding effects compared to traditional materials.
• Carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) composites enable the production of thinner articulating components for hip replacements, leading to reduced wear and improved implant design.
• Successful clinical applications include spinal surgery components, osteosynthesis plates, screws, hip and finger joint prostheses, suture anchors, and augmentations.

Conclusions:

• PEEK and its composites offer significant advantages in orthopaedic applications due to their favourable mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
• CFR-PEEK composites show particular promise for enhancing the longevity and performance of joint implants, including hip resurfacing.
• Further investigation into CFR-PEEK for total shoulder joint replacement, especially in reverse shoulder arthroplasty, is recommended for improved patient outcomes.