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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
How Data are Classified: Categorical Data01:11

How Data are Classified: Categorical Data

A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
Trait Centrality01:21

Trait Centrality

Trait centrality refers to the degree to which a particular characteristic influences the overall impression of an individual. Some traits exert a disproportionately strong impact on perception, shaping how people interpret other attributes of a person. Solomon Asch first systematically studied this phenomenon in 1946.Asch’s Experiment on Trait CentralityAsch's seminal study demonstrated the centrality of certain traits through a controlled experiment. Participants were presented with a list of...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Categories and percepts: a bi-directionnal framework for categorization.

P G Schyns

    Trends in Cognitive Sciences
    |January 13, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study shows that perception and categorization are bidirectional. Past categorization experiences alter how we perceive and categorize new visual information, challenging fixed feature models.

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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    Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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    Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Science
    • Perception Psychology
    • Computational Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Categorization reduces variable perceptual inputs to stable categories.
    • Current models often assume perception provides fixed features for categorization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between perceptual organization and categorization.
    • To challenge unidirectionality in perception-categorization models.
    • To propose a bidirectional framework for categorization.

    Main Methods:

    • Examined how categorization history influences featural analysis.
    • Presented examples of identical inputs being perceived differently based on prior categorization.
    • Generalized findings to scene categorization across spatial scales.

    Main Results:

    • Perceptual organization is dynamically linked to ongoing categorization.
    • Categorization history alters the perception of unfamiliar inputs.
    • Flexible percepts are essential for real-world scene categorization.

    Conclusions:

    • A bidirectional framework, integrating concepts and percepts, better explains categorization.
    • Perception is not a fixed input but is influenced by conceptual processes.
    • This challenges traditional views of perception as a passive information-gathering system.