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A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

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Ten questions about systems biology.

Michael J Joyner¹, Bente K Pedersen

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. joyner.michael@mayo.edu

The Journal of Physiology

|January 13, 2011

Summary

Omics

Area of Science:

Integrative biology
Physiology
Genetics
Disease pathogenesis

Background:

The 'omics' revolution in biology has not yielded significant therapeutic advances for common diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A narrow, reductionist focus on genes and genetic variants is a primary limitation of current 'omics' approaches.
Understanding complex diseases requires integrating physiological principles with genetic data.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the limitations of reductionist approaches in 'omics' and systems biology.
To highlight the importance of physiological concepts like homeostasis and regulation in understanding disease.
To propose an integrated framework for disease research combining physiology and epidemiology with 'omics'.

Main Methods:

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Conceptual analysis and critique of current 'omics' and systems biology paradigms.
Review of fundamental physiological principles (homeostasis, regulation, redundancy).
Integration of physiological and epidemiological perspectives with genetic data.

Main Results:

Reductionist 'omics' approaches have failed to deliver major therapeutic breakthroughs due to an incomplete understanding of disease complexity.
Physiological concepts are crucial for understanding how organisms adapt and how failures in regulation lead to common diseases.
A lack of physiological fluency hinders progress in systems biology and translational research.

Conclusions:

A paradigm shift towards integrating physiology and epidemiology with 'omics' is necessary for advancing disease understanding and therapy.
Common diseases result from failures in regulation at multiple biological levels, not solely genetic factors.
Rethinking translational research to incorporate holistic, systems-level thinking is essential for future biomedical progress.