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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

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The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

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Published on: December 3, 2016

The epiphyseal ring: a long forgotten anatomical structure with significant physiological function.

Gali Dar1, Youssef Masharawi, Smadar Peleg

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel. galidar@yahoo.com,gdar@univ.haifa.ac.il

Spine
|January 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The epiphyseal ring

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal anatomy and biomechanics.
  • Human skeletal morphology.

Background:

  • Limited metrical data exists for the epiphyseal ring, a bony structure anchoring the anulus fibrosus.
  • The term 'epiphysis' for this structure is debated in scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and analyze the shape and size of the epiphyseal ring in the thoracolumbar spine.
  • To understand the functional implications of epiphyseal ring morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive study of 240 human thoracolumbar spines (T4-L5).
  • Measurements of vertebral body and epiphyseal ring dimensions (anterior, posterior, left, right) using digital calipers.
  • Epiphyseal ring area quantified using ImageJ software from photographs.

Main Results:

  • The anterior epiphyseal ring section was widest, posterior narrowest, relative to vertebral body size.
  • Epiphyseal ring area decreased from T7-T12 and increased from T12-L4 relative to discal area.
  • Inferior epiphyseal rings were larger than superior rings, particularly in lumbar vertebrae.

Conclusions:

  • Epiphyseal ring size and shape significantly vary across the thoracolumbar spine.
  • Metrical properties are influenced by mechanical stress and spinal anatomy.