Minimally invasive surgery for atrial fibrillation

Virna L Sales1, Patrick M McCarthy

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.

Summary

Minimal-access surgical ablations for atrial fibrillation (AF) are advancing rapidly. Future techniques will offer greater effectiveness and simplicity through innovative tools and hybrid approaches.