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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...

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The units ofselection.

C J Gliddon1, P H Gouyon

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, UCNW, Bangor, UK; Pierre-Henri Gouyon is in ESV, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|January 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary selection acts on multiple levels, from molecules to individuals. Distinguishing genetic information from its material support clarifies the debate on evolutionary processes and hierarchical organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Traditionally, evolutionary selection was viewed as acting solely at the individual level.
  • Advances in molecular biology necessitate the recognition of selection acting at the molecular level.
  • This broadens evolutionary perspectives but intensifies debate on the primary level of evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the ongoing debate regarding the level at which evolutionary processes occur.
  • To establish a framework for resolving this debate by examining its underlying premises.
  • To introduce a conceptual distinction crucial for understanding biological hierarchies.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing between that which is transmitted (information) and that which transmits (material support/avatar).
  • Applying this distinction within the framework of hierarchical biological systems.
  • Examining the utility of this approach through a case study on the evolution of sex.

Main Results:

  • The proposed distinction between genetic information and its material support offers a useful conceptual tool.
  • This approach aids in clarifying the multi-level nature of evolutionary selection.
  • The framework provides insights into complex evolutionary phenomena, such as the evolution of sex.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing distinct levels of selection, including molecular and individual, is essential for modern evolutionary theory.
  • Differentiating genetic information from its physical substrate is key to resolving debates on evolutionary mechanisms.
  • This conceptual refinement enhances our understanding of biological organization and evolution.