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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Biofuels01:25

Biofuels

The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

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Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils
04:40

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils

Published on: April 19, 2024

Heterogeneous solid base nanocatalyst: preparation, characterization and application in biodiesel production.

Fengxian Qiu1, Yihuai Li, Dongya Yang

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China. fxqiuchem@163.com

Bioresource Technology
|January 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A novel solid base nanocatalyst derived from ZrO(2) loaded with potassium hydrogen tartrate (C(4)H(4)O(6)HK) efficiently converts soybean oil to biodiesel. This catalyst demonstrates high yield and stability over multiple reaction cycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Biodiesel production is crucial for sustainable energy and agricultural product utilization.
  • Developing efficient and reusable catalysts is key to improving biodiesel synthesis.
  • Transesterification of soybean oil offers a viable route to renewable fuel production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a solid base nanocatalyst for soybean oil transesterification.
  • To optimize reaction conditions for maximizing biodiesel yield.
  • To evaluate the catalyst's reusability and long-term performance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of ZrO(2)-loaded potassium hydrogen tartrate nanocatalyst.
  • Characterization using XRD, FTIR, TEM, TGA, and N(2) adsorption-desorption.
  • Optimization of methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst loading, temperature, and time.
  • Biodiesel yield determination via transesterification reaction.

Main Results:

  • The nanocatalyst exhibited granular and porous structures with particle sizes of 10-40 nm.
  • The catalyst maintained sustained activity over five reaction cycles, indicating good reusability.
  • Optimal conditions (16:1 methanol/oil, 6.0% catalyst, 60°C, 2.0 h) yielded 98.03% biodiesel.
  • The catalyst demonstrated high efficiency in the transesterification of soybean oil.

Conclusions:

  • The developed solid base nanocatalyst is highly effective for biodiesel production from soybean oil.
  • The catalyst's stability and reusability contribute to a more sustainable and economical biodiesel process.
  • This research supports the valorization of agricultural products through renewable energy generation.