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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Unifying approach for fluctuation theorems from joint probability distributions.

Reinaldo García-García¹, Daniel Domínguez, Vivien Lecomte

¹Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|January 15, 2011

Summary

This study reveals a generalized detailed fluctuation theorem for Markovian systems, unifying various fluctuation theorems for perturbed nonequilibrium steady states. The findings simplify applications by avoiding dual probability distributions and apply to system and reservoir trajectory entropies.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Statistical Mechanics
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Fluctuation theorems are crucial for understanding non-equilibrium systems.
Existing theorems often require specific conditions or dual distributions.
Trajectory entropy production is a key quantity in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a unified and generalized detailed fluctuation theorem for trajectory entropy production in Markovian systems.
To demonstrate that this theorem simplifies applications by not requiring dual probability distributions.
To show that various existing fluctuation theorems are special cases of this general result.

Main Methods:

Decomposition of total trajectory entropy production.
Analysis of joint probability distributions.
Investigation of time-reversal symmetry properties.

Main Results:

A generalized detailed fluctuation theorem is derived for any decomposition of trajectory entropy production in Markovian systems.
The theorem holds when all contributing terms are odd with respect to time reversal.
The joint probability distribution of system and reservoir trajectory entropies satisfies a detailed fluctuation theorem for all times.
Several fluctuation theorems for perturbed nonequilibrium steady states are shown to be particular cases of this general framework.

Conclusions:

The derived generalized fluctuation theorem offers a unified perspective on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
The simplified expression facilitates broader applications in studying complex systems.
The results extend the applicability of fluctuation theorems to system and reservoir dynamics.