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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Impact: Problem Solving01:26

Impact: Problem Solving

In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Motion of a Projectile01:23

Motion of a Projectile

Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
Horizontal motion, governed by the initial kick, maintains a constant velocity throughout the flight of the soccer ball.
Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle01:20

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle

Linear momentum is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the motion of an object. It is a vector quantity, having a magnitude equal to the product of its mass and its velocity, and direction along the object's velocity. On the other hand, linear impulse, also known as momentum impulse, is a concept in physics related to the change in the linear momentum of an object. Impulse is a vector quantity defined as the product of force and the time over which the force is applied.
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Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Granular jet impingement on a fixed target.

Yrjö Jun Huang1, C K Chan, Piroz Zamankhan

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. jun.huang@ntnu.no

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discrete element modeling simulated granular jets colliding with a target, explaining observed formations. This kinetic analysis offers theoretical insights into granular jet collisions, though quantitative results remain challenging.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The behavior of granular jets impacting targets is complex.
  • Understanding granular jet dynamics is crucial for various industrial and scientific applications.
  • Previous experimental studies have observed distinct formations but lacked comprehensive theoretical explanations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the flow of granular jets impinging on a target.
  • To explain the formation of sheetlike and conelike structures using kinetic analysis.
  • To compare discrete element modeling (DEM) results with experimental data for validation.

Main Methods:

  • Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) was employed to simulate granular jet-target interactions.
  • Kinetic analysis was used to interpret the observed flow patterns and formations.
  • Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were made with existing experimental results.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully described sheetlike and conelike formations resulting from granular jet collisions.
  • Kinetic analysis provided explanations for these formations under various conditions.
  • The DEM simulations offered valuable insights into the theoretical treatment of head-on granular jet collisions.

Conclusions:

  • Discrete element modeling provides a robust theoretical framework for understanding granular jet impact phenomena.
  • The kinetic analysis successfully explains the macroscopic structures formed by granular jets.
  • While qualitative agreement is good, further refinements are needed to overcome obstacles in achieving precise quantitative predictions.