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Carrier Generation and Recombination

Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Published on: June 8, 2018

Highly nonlinear pulse splitting and recombination in a two-dimensional granular network.

C Daraio1, D Ngo, V F Nesterenko

  • 1Aeronautics (GALCIT) and Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Nonlinear solitary waves in granular chains exhibit complex behaviors at branch interfaces. The study reveals pulse splitting, signal chaos, and energy trapping in branched granular systems.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Granular systems exhibit unique nonlinear wave propagation properties.
  • Branched structures introduce complex interfaces affecting wave dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the propagation of highly nonlinear signals in branched 2D granular systems.
  • Analyze the behavior of solitary pulses at the interface of different granular chains.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation using chains of spherical beads in a double Y-shaped guide.
  • Numerical simulations based on Hertzian interaction between particles and guide walls.

Main Results:

  • Observed pulse splitting, signal chaotization, impulse redirection, and bending.
  • Reported pulse and energy trapping within the branches.
  • Numerical results agreed with experimental data for symmetric arrangements.

Conclusions:

  • Branched granular systems demonstrate rich nonlinear dynamics.
  • The geometry and material properties significantly influence wave propagation and energy distribution.