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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

Phase separation of binary fluids with dynamic temperature.

G Gonnella1, A Lamura, A Piscitelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binary fluid phase separation near cold walls shows diverse patterns. High viscosity leads to wall-parallel growth, while low viscosity creates complex, rounded shapes influenced by hydrodynamics and thermal diffusivity.

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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Phase separation is crucial in material formation.
  • Understanding fluid behavior near boundaries is key.
  • Quenching processes drive rapid material changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase separation of binary fluids under thermal quenching.
  • To analyze the influence of viscosity and thermal diffusivity on morphology.
  • To explore pattern formation dynamics at different scales.

Main Methods:

  • Solving Navier-Stokes, convection-diffusion, and energy equations.
  • Utilizing lattice Boltzmann method coupled with finite-difference schemes.
  • Simulating binary fluid behavior quenched by cold walls.

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct morphologies based on viscosity and thermal diffusivity.
  • Identified power-law propagation of temperature and phase fronts at high viscosity.
  • Revealed complex patterns with varied length scales at low viscosity due to hydrodynamics.
  • Noted more ordered configurations in off-symmetrical systems.

Conclusions:

  • Viscosity and thermal diffusivity critically control phase separation patterns.
  • Hydrodynamics significantly impacts morphology at low viscosities.
  • Power-law dynamics govern front propagation in specific regimes.