Catastrophic regime in the discharge of a granular pile

We present a molecular-dynamics study of discharges in a granular pile evincing a catastrophic regime depending on the outlet size. The avalanche size distribution function suggests a phase transition where the height of the remaining pile is taken as the order parameter. Our results indicate that there is a critical outlet size beyond which discharges become catastrophic and the initial pile is split in two minor piles. As the system size increases, finite-size analysis indicates that the critical orifice width converges to a finite value.