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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Coulomb interaction and first-order superconductor-insulator transition.

S V Syzranov1, I L Aleiner, B L Altshuler

  • 1Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
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Summary

The superconductor-insulator transition in Josephson junctions is a first-order phase transition at zero temperature. At finite temperatures, a tricritical point emerges, influencing transition order.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum phenomena

Background:

  • Superconductor-insulator transitions (SIT) are critical phenomena in low-dimensional systems.
  • Josephson junction arrays provide a tunable platform for studying quantum phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the order of the superconductor-insulator transition in Josephson junction arrays.
  • To analyze the influence of temperature and dimensionality on the SIT.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an imaginary time Ginzburg-Landau-type action.
  • Renormalization group analysis at zero and finite temperatures.
  • Consideration of Coulomb interaction and system dimensionality (d=2 and d=3).

Main Results:

  • The SIT is a first-order phase transition at T=0 in d=3.
  • A tricritical point exists at finite temperatures, separating first- and second-order transitions.
  • The conclusion for d=2 is valid when mutual capacitance exceeds junction distance.

Conclusions:

  • The nature of the superconductor-insulator transition is fundamentally first-order at zero temperature.
  • Temperature and dimensionality play crucial roles in determining the transition's characteristics.