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Mass flux and solid growth in solid ⁴He for 60-700 mK.

M W Ray1, R B Hallock

  • 1Laboratory for Low Temperature Physics, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atom flux occurs in hexagonal close-packed solid helium-4 (hcp ⁴He) below 600 mK. This flux drops near 80 mK, but solids grown at higher temperatures and cooled can still exhibit flux.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Low-Temperature Physics
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Understanding atomic transport phenomena in solid helium is crucial for quantum fluid dynamics.
  • The behavior of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) solid ⁴He at millikelvin temperatures presents unique challenges.
  • Previous studies have explored various properties, but the precise conditions for mass flux remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm and characterize atomic flux in hcp solid ⁴He using the thermomechanical effect.
  • To investigate the temperature dependence of this mass flux, particularly near 80 mK.
  • To determine the influence of sample preparation temperature on subsequent mass transport properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the thermomechanical effect as a probe for atomic flux.
  • Experimentally controlled and measured temperature ranges down to 60 mK.
  • Prepared solid ⁴He samples at different initial temperatures (60 mK, >300 mK) for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the existence of atomic flux in hcp solid ⁴He below approximately 600 mK.
  • Observed an abrupt decrease in flux near 80 mK, followed by an increase upon further cooling.
  • Found that samples freshly prepared at 60 mK exhibited no mass flux and could not be grown, unlike those prepared at higher temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The thermomechanical effect provides definitive evidence of atomic flux in hcp solid ⁴He.
  • Sample preparation temperature significantly impacts the ability of solid ⁴He to sustain mass flux at low temperatures.
  • The observed flux behavior suggests complex underlying mechanisms related to crystal growth and defects in solid helium.