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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

Tunable magnetic interaction at the atomic scale in oxide heterostructures.

J W Seo1, W Prellier, P Padhan

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study shows how to tune interfacial magnetism in transition metal oxides by changing chemical composition and applying strain. Controlling these factors is key for designing novel electronic materials.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
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Published on: July 18, 2014

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06:44

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08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Heterostructures of transition metal oxides exhibit unique interfacial properties.
  • Understanding the influence of material-specific characteristics on interfacial magnetism is crucial for advanced electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate how composition and strain affect interfacial properties in transition metal oxide heterostructures.
  • To determine methods for controlling interfacial ferromagnetism in correlated electron systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of heterostructures comprising ferromagnetic SrRuO₃ and antiferromagnetic manganites.
  • Systematic variation of chemical composition (valence states) and substrate-induced strain.
  • Analysis of interfacial magnetism using advanced characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated control over the strength of interfacial ferromagnetism through valence state manipulation.
  • Showcased the ability to tune the relative orientation of interfacial magnetism via substrate-induced strain.
  • Identified key parameters for engineering interfacial magnetic properties in complex oxide systems.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial magnetism in transition metal oxide heterostructures can be precisely controlled by chemical composition and strain.
  • This work provides a pathway for designing and optimizing correlated electron materials for spintronic applications.