Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026
09:00
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
Published on: June 28, 2018
Polarized ³He as a probe for short-range spin-dependent interactions
A K Petukhov1, G Pignol, D Jullien
1Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.
Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
Summary
Researchers developed a sensitive method to study magnetic properties using spin-polarized gas relaxation. This technique provides new constraints on axionlike interactions, significantly improving previous limits.
Area of Science:
- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
- Particle Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
Background:
- Spin-polarized gases are sensitive probes of fundamental interactions.
- Understanding spin relaxation dynamics is crucial for developing novel measurement techniques.
- Accessing submillimeter-scale magnetic properties presents significant experimental challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a link between spin-dependent interactions and spin-relaxation rate dependence on magnetic field.
- To develop a novel, highly sensitive method for probing submillimeter-scale magnetic properties.
- To constrain parameters of axionlike particle interactions using the developed method.
Main Methods:
- Studying the relaxation of a spin-polarized gas in a magnetic field.
- Investigating short-range spin-dependent interactions.
- Utilizing the magnetic field dependence of spin-relaxation rate as a sensitive probe.
Main Results:
- A direct correlation was found between interaction properties and the magnetic field dependence of spin-relaxation rate.
- A new method for studying submillimeter-scale (pseudo) magnetic properties was formulated.
- A two-order-of-magnitude improvement in constraints on nucleon-nucleon axionlike P, T violating interactions was achieved.
Conclusions:
- The developed method offers unprecedented sensitivity for studying elusive magnetic phenomena.
- The improved constraints significantly advance the search for axionlike particles.
- This work opens new avenues for exploring fundamental physics at small scales.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
01:03Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
01:15Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
01:08NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
03:06The Pauli Exclusion Principle
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
01:17Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...