Cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media

Bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed on 105 middle ear secretions from 66 children with middle ear effusion (MEE) of more than 3 months' duration. The secretions were searched for granulocytes and the activity of these cells was judged by their capacity for random locomotion and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. The functional characteristics of the granulocytes were compared with the bacteriological findings on cultures from MEE. Bacteria commonly regarded as pathogens in middle ear infections (Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae) were found in 25% of the secretions. Granulocytes with activity or lacking activity, virtually dead, were found in all secretions where these bacteria were isolated. In secretions where bacteria commonly regarded as commensals, mainly staphylococci, were isolated, about two thirds of the secretions showed phagocytes with or without activity. No relation between bacterial growth and the functional state of the granulocytes was observed. In contrast, no phagocytes were found in over 60% of MEE lacking bacterial growth. These findings suggest a role for bacteria in the development and maintenance of secretory otitis media.