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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Anisotropic spin Hall effect from first principles.

Frank Freimuth1, Stefan Blügel, Yuriy Mokrousov

  • 1Institut für Festkörperforschung and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant anisotropy in intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) for nonmagnetic metals and antiferromagnetic chromium. This anisotropy allows tuning the spin Hall effect in certain materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The spin Hall effect (SHE) is a key phenomenon in spintronics, converting charge current into spin current.
  • Understanding the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) is crucial for designing efficient spintronic devices.
  • Anisotropy in electronic properties can significantly influence transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anisotropy of the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) in nonmagnetic hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals.
  • To explore the SHC anisotropy in antiferromagnetic chromium (Cr).
  • To establish a general relationship between the SHC vector and spin polarization direction.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations were employed to determine the electronic band structure and calculate the intrinsic SHC.
  • The study focused on nonmagnetic hcp metals and antiferromagnetic Cr.
  • Theoretical analysis was used to derive the general relation for SHC anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • Large anisotropies in intrinsic SHC were found for most hcp metals studied.
  • A general relation connecting the SHC vector and spin polarization direction was derived.
  • For systems with sign-changing SHC due to anisotropy, tuning the SHE is predicted.

Conclusions:

  • The anisotropy of intrinsic SHC is a significant factor in hcp metals and Cr.
  • The derived relation provides a framework for understanding and controlling SHE in anisotropic materials.
  • The findings suggest possibilities for tuning the spin polarization direction in SHE.