Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026
05:39
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
Fault-tolerant topological one-way quantum computation with probabilistic two-qubit gates
Keisuke Fujii1, Yuuki Tokunaga
1Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
Summary
We developed a scalable method for creating 3D cluster states for fault-tolerant topological one-way computation (TOWC). This approach significantly reduces resource needs compared to existing methods, even with low two-qubit gate success rates.
Area of Science:
- Quantum computing
- Quantum information science
- Topological quantum computation
Background:
- Topological one-way computation (TOWC) offers a robust framework for quantum computation.
- Implementing TOWC typically requires high-fidelity entangling gates, which are experimentally challenging.
- Probabilistic gate operations introduce significant overhead in resource requirements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a scalable method for constructing 3D cluster states for fault-tolerant TOWC.
- To demonstrate the feasibility of fault-tolerant TOWC with probabilistic two-qubit gates.
- To reduce the resource overhead associated with probabilistic gate operations in TOWC.
Main Methods:
- Development of a scalable protocol for 3D cluster state synthesis.
- Analysis of fault-tolerant TOWC protocols utilizing probabilistic two-qubit gates.
- Quantification of resource requirements and success probabilities.
Main Results:
- A scalable method for constructing 3D cluster states is presented.
- Fault-tolerant TOWC is achievable with two-qubit gate success probabilities as low as 0.5 (0.1) under specific error conditions (unheralded error < 0.040% (0.016%)).
- The proposed scheme offers considerable resource suppression compared to conventional methods.
Conclusions:
- The proposed method enables scalable and resource-efficient fault-tolerant topological one-way computation.
- This work lowers the experimental requirements for implementing robust quantum computation.
- The findings pave the way for practical realization of TOWC with current and near-term quantum hardware.
Related Concept Videos
00:59Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
01:34Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
01:10Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
01:10Entropy Change in Reversible Processes
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
01:12Fermi Level Dynamics
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
02:45The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...