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Related Concept Videos

Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Introduction to Seed Plants03:40

Introduction to Seed Plants

Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis
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Cryptic dioecy in flowering plants.

S S Mayer1, D Charlesworth

  • 1Dept of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Barnes Laboratory, 5630 S. Ingleside Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptic dioecy, where plants have sterile opposite-sex structures, offers insights into the evolution of separate sexes. Studying these cases reveals the role of reproductive resource reallocation in the transition from hermaphroditism.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Evolutionary botany

Background:

  • Dioecious plants can exhibit cryptic dioecy, characterized by sterile opposite-sex structures.
  • Recent studies have identified new cases of cryptic dioecy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the minimal requirements for the evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism.
  • To understand the role of reproductive resource reallocation in the evolution of dioecy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on cryptic dioecy.
  • Analysis of evolutionary transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy.

Main Results:

  • Cryptic dioecy provides a model for studying early stages of sex evolution.
  • The initial advantages driving the evolution of separate sexes are preserved in cryptic dioecy.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptic dioecy illuminates the fundamental processes in the evolution of plant reproductive systems.
  • Resource reallocation is a key factor in the transition to separate sexes.