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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Types Of Column Chromatography01:29

Types Of Column Chromatography

The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
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Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
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Alternative plugs flow liquid chromatography (APFLC)/EI-MS system using a T-shaped flow path.

Isao Tanikawa1, Miwako Konuma, Hiroko Hosono

  • 1Infra-red Spectroscopy Analytical Laboratory, 3-3-13 Chuo, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0432, Japan. ir-tanikawa@ir-bunseki.com

Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Alternative plugs flow liquid chromatography (APFLC) uses vapor condensation for high-resolution separations. This method, effective with specific solvents and flow paths, avoids high-pressure pumps for efficient chromatography.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Alternative plugs flow liquid chromatography (APFLC) offers a novel approach to liquid chromatography.
  • Previous work established the foundation for APFLC using vapor condensation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the vapor condensation method for forming alternative liquid plugs in APFLC.
  • To optimize APFLC conditions for enhanced separation efficiency and resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a T-shaped flow path in an open tubular GC capillary column.
  • Employing aqueous-organic solvents with a specific bulk fraction (β) range (0.0006–0.004) below 70°C.
  • Ensuring liquid contact angle to the solid phase exceeds 75° for plug formation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved extremely high resolution due to high-density plugs flow facilitated by the T-shaped path.
  • Demonstrated comparability of EI-mass spectra with NIST library data, except for DMF.
  • Observed low-pressure loss properties, negating the need for high-pressure pumps.

Conclusions:

  • APFLC, optimized with specific parameters, provides superior chromatographic resolution.
  • The system's low-pressure characteristics and solvent compatibility make it a practical alternative.
  • Potential applications for solid hydrocarbon resins like polystyrene and olefinic polymers in APFLC and HMGC were identified.