Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrical Energy

Electrical Energy

Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules. The...

Curing Methods

Curing Methods

Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...

Biasing of P-N Junction

Biasing of P-N Junction

The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...

Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

National Competence Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) - process description over the last 15 years.

GMS journal for medical education·2026

Same author

Experts' Willingness to Restore With Direct Composite: Complexity, Cuspal Coverage, and Techniques.

The journal of adhesive dentistry·2026

Same author

Microencapsulated Hydroxyapatite-TEGDMA Systems for Self-Healing in Dental Applications.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Influence of test velocity and viscoelasticity on the outcome of the 3-point bending test in modern dental polymer-based composites.

Journal of dentistry·2025

Same author

Universal Bulk-Fill Composites: An Investigation into the Efficiency of Rapid Curing with Reversible Addition-Fragmentation-Chain Transfer (RAFT)-Mediated Polymerisation.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Relationship Between Fracture Toughness and Fracture Mirror in Modern Polymer-Based Dental Composites.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

Curing efficiency of modern LED units.

Adam Rencz¹, Reinhard Hickel, Nicoleta Ilie

¹Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. adam_rencz@web.de

Clinical Oral Investigations

|January 15, 2011

Summary

Modern light-emitting diode (LED) curing units require longer than 5 seconds for adequate resin-based composite (RBC) polymerization. Insufficient curing depth was observed with shorter times, impacting micro-mechanical properties.

More Related Videos

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Modern light-emitting diode (LED) curing units are reported to enhance polymerization efficiency through increased irradiance.
Short polymerization times, as low as 5 seconds, are being proposed for dental composites.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate differences in curing efficiency among modern LED curing units.
To assess the impact of varying irradiation times on two distinct resin-based composite (RBC) materials.
To investigate the effect of LED curing units on micro-mechanical properties and degree of cure.

Main Methods:

Two types of resin-based composites (nano- and micro-hybrid) were polymerized using three commercial and one prototype LED unit.
Polymerization was performed for 5, 10, and 20 seconds, with specimens prepared in 2-mm increments.
Degree of cure was measured in real-time, and micro-mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, Vickers hardness) were assessed at various depths.

Main Results:

RBC type, depth, polymerization time, and curing unit significantly influenced micro-mechanical properties.
Degree of cure at 6-mm depth was significantly affected by curing unit and time, independent of RBC type.
A 5-second irradiation was adequate at the surface but insufficient for adequate polymerization 2 mm beyond the surface.

Conclusions:

A minimum of 20 seconds of irradiation is necessary for adequate polymerization at depths beyond the surface.
Short 5-second light-emitting diode (LED) curing times are not recommended for achieving sufficient polymerization in resin-based composites.
Curing efficiency is dependent on polymerization time and depth, with implications for clinical application.