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Related Concept Videos

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Navier–Stokes Equations01:28

Navier–Stokes Equations

For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...
Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Understanding and predicting viscous, elastic, plastic flows.

I Cheddadi1, P Saramito, B Dollet

  • 1Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, UMR 5524 Université J. Fourier-Grenoble I and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft glassy materials exhibit both liquid and solid properties. A new model accurately predicts their complex flow behavior, revealing elasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology and soft matter physics
  • Continuum mechanics of complex fluids

Background:

  • Soft glassy materials (e.g., foams, gels) possess both liquid and solid characteristics due to disordered, deformable units.
  • Their complex flow behavior is challenging to model, especially in multi-dimensional geometries, due to strong non-linearities.
  • Existing models lack general solutions for validating their predictive capabilities against experimental data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute the first general solutions for a continuous model of soft glassy materials in a benchmark flow scenario.
  • To validate the model's predictions against experimental foam flow data.
  • To elucidate the key parameters governing the rheological behavior of these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and solved a continuous tensorial model for soft glassy material flow.
  • Computed model solutions for the specific case of flow around an obstacle.
  • Compared model predictions with experimental data for foam flow, analyzing velocity, elastic, and plastic deformation fields.

Main Results:

  • Achieved excellent agreement between model predictions and experimental foam flow data, accurately capturing velocity, elastic, and plastic deformation fields.
  • Identified yield strain as the primary dimensionless parameter characterizing soft glassy materials.
  • Demonstrated the dominant role of elasticity in stress-strain rate relationships, challenging simple liquid/solid analogies.

Conclusions:

  • Soft glassy material behavior is not simply intermediate between solid and liquid; viscous, elastic, and plastic contributions must be treated simultaneously.
  • The developed model enables realistic multi-dimensional predictions of complex flows in geophysical, industrial, and biological applications.
  • Provides a framework for understanding the structure-rheology link in soft glassy systems.