Antifungal lipopeptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BO7

Three new lipopeptides (1-3) were isolated from the organic extract of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain (BO7). These compounds represented the major constituents (>60%) of the total cell lipids extractable with CHCl(3)/MeOH (2:1). Elucidation of their chemical structure was carried out by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (MS/MS), along with chemical degradation. The compounds are members of the surfactins family and are based on the heptapeptide Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-Asp-Leu-Leu, N-acylated to the N-terminal by an (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acid with linear alkyl chains from 16:0 to 18:0 (1-3, respectively). An ester bond between the 3-hydroxyl group of the fatty acid and the carboxylic group of the C-terminal amino acid closes a 13-membered lactone ring. The bacterial lipopeptides, particularly compound 3, displayed strong and dose-dependent antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum.