Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
Published on: April 14, 2014
Neurosyphilis manifesting with unilateral visual loss and hyponatremia: a case report
Katrin Milger1, Vera Fleig, Anke Kohlenberg
1Department of Internal Medicine II, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstr, 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Katrin.Milger@innere.med.uni-giessen.de
Background:
Syphilis is called the chameleon of the diseases due to its variety of its clinical presentations, potentially affecting every organ of the body. Incidence of this ancient disease is once again on the increase worldwide.
Case Presentation:
We here report an unusual case of neurosyphilis manifesting with unilateral visual loss and hyponatremia. The patient also had primary syphilitic lesions and was concomitantly diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Treatment with ceftriaxone and prednisolone, completely resolved the hyponatremia and visual acuity was partially restored.
Conclusion:
Awareness of syphilis as a differential diagnosis is important as previously unreported presentations of neurosyphilis can arise, especially in HIV infected patients.
Related Concept Videos
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Viral Meningitis
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
Arboviral Encephalitis