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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved in a...

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily involved in a...

Selectins

Selectins

Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

Published on: October 31, 2016

Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1/CD31): A Multifunctional Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule.

H M Delisser¹, H S Baldwin, S M Albelda

¹Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, PA 19104-4283, USA.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

|January 18, 2011

Summary

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), also known as CD31, plays a key role in cell adhesion and signaling. Its functions are crucial for understanding inflammatory processes and blood vessel formation, with potential therapeutic applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

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Published on: October 31, 2016

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Isolation of Primary Murine Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Primary Murine Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular and Cellular Biology
Immunology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), or CD31, is part of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.
It is expressed on platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, concentrating at cell-cell junctions.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the multifunctional role of PECAM-1 as a vascular cell adhesion molecule.
To explore PECAM-1's involvement in leukocyte-endothelial and endothelial-endothelial interactions.
To investigate the implications of PECAM-1 in inflammatory processes and angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PECAM-1/CD31 molecular and functional properties.
Analysis of PECAM-1's role in mediating cell-cell adhesion (homophilic and heterophilic interactions).
Examination of PECAM-1's signal transduction capabilities, particularly in upregulating leukocyte integrin function.

Main Results:

PECAM-1 mediates both cell-cell adhesion and intracellular signaling.
It plays a significant role in leukocyte extravasation and endothelial cell interactions.
Evidence confirms PECAM-1's involvement in inflammation and blood vessel formation (angiogenesis).

Conclusions:

PECAM-1 is a critical multifunctional molecule in vascular biology.
Its roles in adhesion and signaling are vital for inflammatory responses and angiogenesis.
Further understanding of PECAM-1 may offer therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.