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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Apoptosis and congestive heart failure.

G Feuerstein1, R R Ruffolo, T L Yue

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA 19406-0939, USA.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congestive heart failure involves cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in heart cells may drive heart failure progression and loss of function.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex condition resulting from various cardiac and systemic diseases.
  • Left ventricular dysfunction leads to compensatory mechanisms like cardiac hypertrophy, which are transient.
  • Progressive ventricular dilation and thinning, along with loss of mass, characterize advanced CHF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cardiac myocytes.
  • To analyze the role of apoptosis in the progression of congestive heart failure.
  • To explore the genomic basis of apoptosis in cardiac myocytes for potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on apoptosis in cardiac myocytes.
  • Analysis of data from in vitro studies, animal models, and human cardiac tissue.
  • Exploration of the genomic underpinnings of cardiac apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests apoptosis occurs in cardiac myocytes.
  • Apoptosis may contribute to the progressive loss of cardiac myocytes and left ventricular function in CHF.
  • Genomic insights into apoptosis offer potential targets for pharmacological intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis is a critical mechanism in the progression of congestive heart failure.
  • Understanding apoptosis in cardiac myocytes is key to developing new treatments for heart failure.
  • Targeting apoptosis pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies for CHF.