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Related Concept Videos

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence
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Published on: February 21, 2012

NADH/NADPH Oxidase and Vascular Function.

K K Griendling1, M Ushio-Fukai

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vascular NADH/NADPH oxidase is a key source of superoxide in blood vessels. This enzyme contributes to smooth muscle hypertrophy and impaired relaxation, impacting vascular disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The vascular NADH/NADPH oxidase is identified as the primary source of superoxide within the vessel wall.
  • Recent research has elucidated the structure and activity of this enzyme in vascular cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of vascular NADH/NADPH oxidase in vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy.
  • To examine the enzyme's involvement in impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation.
  • To understand the contribution of reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes to vascular disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays.
  • Vascular cell culture.
  • Assessment of vascular function.

Main Results:

  • Vascular NADH/NADPH oxidase activity is linked to vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy.
  • The enzyme is implicated in certain types of impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation.
  • Oxidative stress, mediated by such enzymes, plays a role in hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular NADH/NADPH oxidase is a significant contributor to superoxide production in the vasculature.
  • This enzyme is involved in key pathological processes underlying vascular disease.
  • Targeting reactive oxygen species production may be crucial for managing vascular conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis.