Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcome prediction of emergency patients by noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring.

Chest·2001
Same author

Comparison of capillary and venous glucose measurements in healthy volunteers.

Prehospital emergency care·2001
Same author

[A study on city motor vehicle emission factors by tunnel test].

Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue·2001
Same author

Using medicare databases for outcomes research in rehabilitation medicine.

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation·2001
Same author

Superior role of apolipoprotein B48 over apolipoprotein B100 in chylomicron assembly and fat absorption: an investigation of apobec-1 knock-out and wild-type mice.

The Biochemical journal·2001
Same author

Weighted health status in the Medicare population: development of the Weighted Health Index for the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (WHIMCBS).

Journal of outcome measurement·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy
09:37

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Hepatic apolipoprotein B biogenesis: an update.

J Y Sai-Ching1, L Chan

  • 1Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

About half to two-thirds of newly made apolipoprotein B (apoB) is degraded in Hep G2 cells. This review covers the intracellular degradation of apoB linked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proteasome function.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy
09:37

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is crucial for lipoprotein assembly and lipid transport.
  • Hep G2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, are a key model for studying hepatic protein synthesis and degradation.
  • Significant intracellular degradation of newly synthesized apoB occurs, impacting lipoprotein production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in Hep G2 cells.
  • To contextualize apoB degradation within the broader understanding of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD).
  • To present a model for hepatic apoB biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on apoB metabolism and ER-associated degradation.
  • Analysis of apoB degradation pathways within Hep G2 cells.
  • Integration of proteasome-mediated degradation mechanisms for ER-associated proteins.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50-67% of newly synthesized apoB in Hep G2 cells undergoes intracellular degradation.
  • ApoB degradation is closely associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
  • The study highlights the role of the proteasome in degrading ER-associated proteins, including apoB.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular degradation is a major regulatory step in apolipoprotein B production.
  • Understanding apoB degradation within the ERAD pathway is critical for comprehending hepatic lipid metabolism.
  • A proposed model integrates apoB biogenesis with its degradation, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets.