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Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

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Published on: May 10, 2024

Folate in smokers.

Kenji Okumura¹, Hideto Tsukamoto

¹Department of Cardiology, The Toki Municipal General Hospital, Toki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. kenji@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry

|January 18, 2011

Summary

Smoking lowers blood folate levels, potentially increasing heart disease risk. While linked to hyperhomocysteinemia, folic acid supplements haven

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Health
Nutritional Science
Tobacco Cessation Research

Background:

Tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are linked to decreased blood folate concentrations.
Low folate levels and associated hyperhomocysteinemia are emerging as independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and early coronary artery disease prediction.
Dietary and lifestyle factors, such as reduced intake of folate-rich foods, may contribute to lower folate levels in smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the complex relationship between folate status and smoking.
To review the evidence regarding folate levels, hyperhomocysteinemia, and cardiovascular health in smokers.

Main Methods:

This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on folate status and smoking.

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The review examines studies on the effects of smoking on folate metabolism and cardiovascular outcomes.

It considers the role of lifestyle, diet, and potential interventions like folic acid supplementation.

Main Results:

Smokers generally exhibit lower blood folate concentrations compared to non-smokers.
Low folate and hyperhomocysteinemia are frequently observed in smokers, but their direct causal role in smoking-related cardiovascular disease remains debated.
Studies on folic acid supplementation for homocysteine lowering in smokers have yielded inconsistent results regarding cardiovascular benefits.

Conclusions:

The link between smoking, folate status, and cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and requires further investigation.
While folate deficiency is common in smokers, its direct impact on cardiovascular outcomes and the efficacy of supplementation are not definitively established.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted public health strategies for smokers.