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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
09:34

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Published on: February 17, 2022

[Non thyroidal illnesses (NTIS)].

F Luca1, B Goichot, T Brue

  • 1Service de Médecine Interne, Nutrition, Endocrinologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg, 31 Avenue Molière 67098 Strasbourg cedex, France. florina.luca@chru-strasbourg.fr

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonthyroidal illnesses (NTIS) involve altered thyroid hormone levels in general diseases. Their adaptive role remains debated, with no current evidence supporting thyroid hormone replacement therapy in NTIS.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Context:

  • Nonthyroidal illnesses (NTIS) present with abnormal thyroid hormone levels in various diseases, independent of thyroid or pituitary dysfunction.
  • These changes result from complex interactions affecting the entire thyrotropic axis, from the hypothalamus to cellular receptors.
  • The specific patterns of NTIS vary based on the underlying illness and its severity.

Purpose:

  • To explore the pathophysiological significance and controversial nature of thyroid hormone abnormalities in nonthyroidal illnesses.
  • To discuss the ongoing debate regarding whether NTIS hormone responses are adaptive or maladaptive.
  • To review the limited clinical evidence for thyroid hormone replacement in NTIS.

Summary:

  • NTIS involve complex mechanisms affecting thyroid hormone regulation across the thyrotropic axis.
  • The adaptive versus maladaptive nature of NTIS hormone patterns remains a key debate.
  • Currently, there is no definitive evidence supporting thyroid hormone replacement in patients with NTIS, although theoretical benefits of TRH stimulation exist.

Impact:

  • Clarifies the unresolved debate on the physiological role of NTIS hormone changes.
  • Highlights the lack of evidence for current therapeutic interventions like thyroid hormone replacement.
  • Emphasizes the need for further randomized clinical trials to determine the efficacy of NTIS treatment.