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Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Computer-assisted personalized sedation.

, Subhas Banerjee, David Desilets

    Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    |January 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Technology Committee reviews emerging endoscopic technologies. This evidence-based review used MEDLINE and MAUDE database searches to assess computer-assisted sedation with propofol in GI endoscopy.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    07:54

    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

    Published on: December 6, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    • Medical Technology Assessment

    Background:

    • The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Technology Committee evaluates new endoscopic technologies.
    • Emerging technologies impact the practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review new or emerging endoscopic technologies.
    • To assess the impact of computer-assisted sedation with propofol in GI endoscopy.

    Main Methods:

    • Evidence-based methodology utilizing MEDLINE literature searches.
    • MAUDE (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience) database search for reported complications.
    • Supplemented by PubMed's 'related articles' and cited references.
    • Keywords: computer, computerized, computer-assisted, sedation, propofol. Search conducted through January 2010.

    Main Results:

    • The review focuses on technologies with potential impact on GI endoscopy practice.
    • Data sources include preclinical and clinical studies, complication reports, and technical data.
    • Emphasis on controlled clinical trials, supplemented by case series and expert opinions when RCTs are lacking.

    Conclusions:

    • ASGE Technology Committee reports are scientific reviews for educational purposes.
    • These reports do not establish a legal standard of care.
    • The committee's findings guide understanding of new technologies in GI endoscopy.