Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unveiling two millennia of ecosystem changes in the Azores through elementome trajectory analysis.

Ecological indicators·2025
Same author

Drivers of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in hygrophytic bryophytes.

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same author

Drought priming reduces Calligonum mongolicum sensitivity to recurrent droughts via coordinated regulation of osmolytes, antioxidants, and hormones.

Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)·2024
Same author

Mediterranean springs: Keystone ecosystems and biodiversity refugia threatened by global change.

Global change biology·2023
Same author

Crystal phase engineering of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires using a RHEED diagram.

Nanoscale advances·2022
Same author

Assessing the insulating properties of an ultrathin SrTiO<sub>3</sub>shell grown around GaAs nanowires with molecular beam epitaxy.

Nanotechnology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function
10:19

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function

Published on: November 21, 2015

Can elevated CO(2) affect secondary metabolism and ecosystem function?

J Peñuelas1, M Estiarte

  • 1Centre de Recerca Ecolÿgica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autÿnoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases plant phenolics and tannins, impacting herbivores but not decomposition. Long-term ecosystem effects remain unconfirmed.

More Related Videos

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
09:38

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
07:32

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

Published on: June 4, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function
10:19

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function

Published on: November 21, 2015

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
09:38

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
07:32

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

Published on: June 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Plant ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases are predicted to alter plant chemistry.
  • These alterations may influence herbivory and decomposition processes.
  • Previous assumptions suggested broad increases in plant structural compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevated CO2 on plant secondary compounds.
  • To assess the consequences of these chemical changes on herbivores and decomposition.
  • To evaluate the ecosystem-level evidence for these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies examining plant chemical composition under elevated CO2.
  • Analysis of soluble phenolics, condensed tannins, lignin, polysaccharides, and terpenes.
  • Assessment of herbivore feeding and litter decomposition rates.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 increased soluble phenolics and condensed tannins.
  • No significant increases were observed in lignin, structural polysaccharides, or terpenes.
  • Plant chemical changes affected herbivores but had minimal impact on decomposition.
  • No consistent ecosystem-level evidence was found.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CO2 selectively alters plant secondary metabolites, primarily phenolics and tannins.
  • These changes significantly affect plant-herbivore interactions.
  • The impact on decomposition and long-term ecosystem processes requires further investigation.