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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
Published on: September 17, 2013
Isolation and characterization of lipoteichoic acid, a cell envelope component involved in preventing phage
L Sijtsma1, J T Wouters, K J Hellingwerf
1Biotechnology Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The cell envelope of the phage-resistant Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK110 differed from its phage-sensitive variant by the presence of a galactosyl-containing component. This component was present in material obtained from SK110 by a mild alkali treatment. In a similar fraction extracted from SK112, no galactosyl-containing components were detected. With respect to gel permeation chromatography and electrophoretic mobility, identical characteristics of the alkali-extracted material and purified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were measured. Chemical analysis of the latter component showed the absence of galactose in LTA isolated from SK112, whereas it was present in LTA obtained from SK110. In this paper, we propose that galactosyl-containing LTA is involved in preventing phage adsorption to L. lactis subsp. cremoris SK110.
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