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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: January 7, 2014
Immunoprotection against toxic biomarkers is retained during Parkinson's disease progression
Marina A Gruden1, Robert D E Sewell, Kiran Yanamandra
1P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology RAMS, Mohovaya St. 11, Building 4, 125009 Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
The aim was to ascertain any possible linkage between humoral immune responses to principal biomarkers (α-synuclein monomers, its toxic oligomers or fibrils, dopamine and S100B) and cellular immunity in Parkinson's disease development. There were elevated autoantibody titers to α-synuclein monomers, oligomers plus fibrils in 72%, 56%, and 17% of Parkinsonian patients respectively with a 5-year disease duration. Additionally, there were increased titers to dopamine and S100B (96% and 89%) in the 5-year patient group. All of these values subsided in 10-year sufferers. Furthermore, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte subsets declined in the patient cohort during Parkinsonism indicating disease associated reductions in these lymphocyte subsets.
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