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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Potential celiac disease in type 1 diabetes: a multicenter study.

Adriana Franzese1, Dario Iafusco, Raffaella Spadaro

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. franzese@unina.it

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) show a higher prevalence of potential celiac disease (pot-CD) due to routine screening. Further research into genetic factors is warranted.

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Published on: May 6, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.
  • Patients with T1DM have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of potential celiac disease (pot-CD) in pediatric patients diagnosed with T1DM.
  • To characterize the clinical features of T1DM patients with pot-CD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, multicenter study involving 8717 T1DM patients across 31 Italian centers.
  • Data collected included demographics, age at diagnosis, CD serology status, symptoms, other autoimmune disorders, and gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence.
  • A control group of 1361 patients with positive CD serology was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • CD serological positivity was observed in 7.2% of T1DM patients.
  • The prevalence of pot-CD among CD-positive T1DM patients was 12.2% (n=77), with symptoms in 12/77 and a third autoimmune disorder in 15 patients.
  • Pot-CD prevalence was higher in T1DM patients (12.2%) compared to controls (8.4%, p=0.005), with no significant differences in clinical features.

Conclusions:

  • A higher prevalence of pot-CD was identified in T1DM patients, potentially linked to systematic screening protocols.
  • Genetic predisposition may also contribute to the increased prevalence of pot-CD in T1DM.
  • Few symptomatic patients in both T1DM and control groups were adhering to a GFD.