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Potential celiac disease in type 1 diabetes: a multicenter study

Adriana Franzese1, Dario Iafusco, Raffaella Spadaro

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. franzese@unina.it

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|January 18, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) show a higher prevalence of potential celiac disease (pot-CD) due to routine screening. Further research into genetic factors is warranted.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.
  • Patients with T1DM have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of potential celiac disease (pot-CD) in pediatric patients diagnosed with T1DM.
  • To characterize the clinical features of T1DM patients with pot-CD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, multicenter study involving 8717 T1DM patients across 31 Italian centers.
  • Data collected included demographics, age at diagnosis, CD serology status, symptoms, other autoimmune disorders, and gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence.
  • A control group of 1361 patients with positive CD serology was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • CD serological positivity was observed in 7.2% of T1DM patients.
  • The prevalence of pot-CD among CD-positive T1DM patients was 12.2% (n=77), with symptoms in 12/77 and a third autoimmune disorder in 15 patients.
  • Pot-CD prevalence was higher in T1DM patients (12.2%) compared to controls (8.4%, p=0.005), with no significant differences in clinical features.

Conclusions:

  • A higher prevalence of pot-CD was identified in T1DM patients, potentially linked to systematic screening protocols.
  • Genetic predisposition may also contribute to the increased prevalence of pot-CD in T1DM.
  • Few symptomatic patients in both T1DM and control groups were adhering to a GFD.
Abstract

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