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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...

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Related Experiment Video

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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

Bottom-up learning of explicit knowledge using a Bayesian algorithm and a new Hebbian learning rule.

Sébastien Hélie1, Robert Proulx, Bernard Lefebvre

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, United States. helie@psych.ucsb.edu

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces TELECAST, a new cognitive model for learning explicit knowledge from implicit information. TELECAST integrates connectionist and Bayesian networks to simulate causal inference and reaction time tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge transformation is a key area of cognitive research.
  • Existing empirical findings lack a corresponding cognitive model.
  • Bottom-up learning of explicit knowledge requires novel modeling approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a new cognitive model, TELECAST (TEnsor LEarning of CAusal STructure).
  • Focus on bottom-up learning of explicit knowledge.
  • Bridge the gap between empirical research and cognitive modeling in this domain.

Main Methods:

  • TELECAST models implicit processing using an unsupervised connectionist network (JPEX).
  • Explicit causal knowledge is implemented via an online Bayesian belief network built by JPEX.
  • Simulates causal inference and serial reaction time experiments.

Main Results:

  • TELECAST successfully simulates causal inference tasks.
  • The model accounts for findings in two serial reaction time experiments.
  • Demonstrates the integration of implicit and explicit processing for cognitive tasks.

Conclusions:

  • TELECAST provides a novel computational framework for understanding explicit knowledge acquisition.
  • The model highlights the interplay between implicit and explicit processing.
  • Offers a testable hypothesis for future empirical research in cognitive learning.