Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potassium Imbalance in Patients with Hypertension and Acute Haemorrhagic Stroke in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2026
Same author

Risk Factors of Neutropenic Enteropathy during Induction Phase of Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2026
Same author

Effect of Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy Size on Visual Acuity and Posterior Segment Outcomes: A 6-Months Follow-Up Study.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2026
Same author

Effect of Intraoperative Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic Agent on Post-tonsillectomy Pain.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2025
Same author

Impact of Adenotonsillectomy in Children Suffering From Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2025
Same author

Adverse Events Following Sinopharm Covid-19 Vaccination among Medical Students.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2025

Related Experiment Videos

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with severe hypercalcaemia.

C Y Jamal1, M M Islam, S A Rahman

  • 1Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting with hypercalcemia and osteolytic bone lesions. Early diagnosis through bone marrow examination and flow cytometry confirmed common ALL in a five-year-old boy.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Case Study

Background:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer.
  • Typical ALL symptoms include pallor, fever, bleeding, infection, and enlarged lymph nodes or spleen.
  • Rarely, ALL can manifest with hypercalcemia and osteolytic bone lesions.

Observation:

  • A five-year-old boy presented with hip and generalized body pain, severe pallor, and significantly elevated calcium levels.
  • Initial laboratory tests showed normal leukocyte and platelet counts, with atypical lymphocytes noted.
  • Radiological imaging revealed extensive osteolytic lesions throughout the bones.

Findings:

  • Bone marrow examination confirmed a diagnosis consistent with ALL.
  • Flow cytometry analysis further validated the diagnosis as common ALL.
  • The patient's presentation with hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions is an uncommon manifestation of childhood ALL.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of ALL in pediatric patients.
  • Emphasizes the role of advanced diagnostic tools like bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry for accurate diagnosis.
  • Underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation in children with unexplained bone pain and hypercalcemia.