Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for delivery of resveratrol: in vitro characterisation, stability, cytotoxicity and...

The aim of this work was to increase the solubility, stability and permeation of resveratrol by complexation with cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (NS). Nanosponges are recently developed hyper-cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers nanostructured to form three-dimensional networks; they are obtained by reacting cyclodextrin with a cross-linker such as carbonyldiimidazole. They have been used to increase the solubility and stability of poorly soluble actives. This study aimed at formulating complexes of resveratrol with β-cyclodextrin nanosponges in different weight ratios. DSC, FTIR and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies confirmed the interaction of resveratrol with NS. XRPD showed that the crystallinity of resveratrol decrease after encapsulation. The particle sizes of resveratrol-loaded NS are in between 400 to 500 nm with low polydispersity indices. Zeta potential is sufficiently high to obtain a stable colloidal nanosuspension. TEM measurement also revealed a particle size around 400 nm for NS complexes. The in vitro release and stability of resveratrol complex were increased compared with plain drug. Cytotoxic studies on HCPC-I cell showed that resveratrol formulations were more cytotoxic than plain resveratrol. The permeation study indicates that the resveratrol NS formulation showed good permeation in pigskin. The accumulation study in rabbit mucosa showed better accumulation of resveratrol NS formulation than plain drug. These results signify that resveratrol NS formulation can be used for buccal delivery and topical application.