Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

5-Year Results of an Implantable Shock Absorber Demonstrate Durable Outcomes in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.

JB & JS open access·2026
Same author

Smoking, Diabetes, Workers' Compensation, and Traumatic Tears Are Risk Factors for Postoperative Shoulder Stiffness After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same author

Clinical, Genetic, and Pathologic Variability in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Precursor Conditions Across Race, Ethnicity, and Sex.

American journal of hematology·2026
Same author

Mechanical Properties of Pediatric Knee Ligaments: A Cadaveric Study.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Exposure to Agent Orange and association with myelodysplastic syndromes.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

A novel approach to defining progression in MDS and precursor myeloid conditions in the MDS Natural History Study.

Blood advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
05:23

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Clinical cartilage restoration: evolution and overview.

Jack Farr1, Brian Cole, Aman Dhawan

  • 1OrthoIndy Cartilage Restoration Center of Indiana, 1260 Innovation Parkway Suite 100, Greenwood, IN 46143, USA. indyknee@hotmail.com

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Clinical cartilage restoration offers many surgical options for chondral injuries. Evidence-based decisions are challenging due to a lack of high-powered comparative studies, guiding surgeons to rely on expert extrapolation.

More Related Videos

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
08:58

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Published on: May 21, 2013

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
05:23

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
08:58

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Published on: May 21, 2013

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
08:09

Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Clinical cartilage restoration is advancing with new and existing technologies.
  • A lack of high-powered, randomized controlled trials complicates evidence-based decision-making for chondral injuries.
  • Surgeons face challenges in selecting optimal treatments for patients with cartilage damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical progression of cartilage repair and restoration procedures.
  • To outline current indications for available cartilage repair techniques.
  • To describe postoperative management strategies for cartilage restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE and cartilage-specific keywords.
  • English-language articles were selected based on their contribution to basic science or clinical understanding of articular cartilage lesions.
  • Seventy-seven articles, including two historical pieces, were chosen for review.

Main Results:

  • Current techniques include débridement, microfracture, osteochondral grafts, and autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
  • Emerging methods involve cell-based therapies with scaffolds and marrow stimulation augmentation.
  • Outcomes vary based on technique, lesion characteristics, and patient activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple surgical techniques exist to manage symptomatic chondral injuries, aiming to reduce pain and improve function.
  • In the absence of robust clinical trials, treatment choices should be informed by expert clinical judgment and established principles.
  • Further rigorous prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed to guide optimal cartilage repair strategies.