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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Experimental methods for determining permethrin dermal absorption.

William G Reifenrath1, John H Ross, Jeffrey H Driver

  • 1Stratacor, Inc., Richmond, California 94804, USA. wgr@stratacor-inc.com

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Percutaneous absorption of permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was studied in rats and human skin. Rat skin showed significantly higher absorption than human skin, indicating differences in dermal penetration for these compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Percutaneous absorption is a critical factor in the efficacy and safety of topical agents.
  • Understanding species-specific absorption is vital for accurate risk assessment and extrapolation of data.
  • Permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) are commonly used insecticides, necessitating clear data on their dermal penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the in vivo percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled permethrin and PBO in rats.
  • To establish in vitro absorption values using human and rat skin for comparative analysis.
  • To evaluate a method for estimating in vivo human absorption based on in vitro data.

Main Methods:

  • Radiolabeled permethrin and PBO were applied to rat skin in vivo and excised human and rat skin in vitro.
  • Absorption was determined by quantifying radiolabel in urine, feces, carcass (in vivo), and dermis/receptor fluid (in vitro).
  • Dose-response and time-course effects on absorption were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • In vivo rat skin absorption of permethrin ranged from 22-38% and PBO was 42% over 24h to 5 days.
  • In vitro human skin absorption was significantly lower, with permethrin absorption at 1-3% and PBO at 7%.
  • In vitro rat skin absorption was approximately 10-fold higher for permethrin (18-24%) and 5-fold higher for PBO (35%) compared to human skin.

Conclusions:

  • Rat skin exhibits substantially higher percutaneous absorption of permethrin and PBO compared to human skin.
  • In vitro human skin models show limited absorption, suggesting topical formulations may minimize systemic exposure.
  • The significant differences highlight the need for caution when extrapolating rat absorption data to humans for risk assessment.