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Related Concept Videos

Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and opposite to those on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

ER stress modulates cellular metabolism.

Xiaoli Wang1, Colins O Eno, Brian J Altman

  • 1Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 529 S. Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

The Biochemical Journal
|January 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress profoundly impacts cellular metabolism, reducing glucose uptake and mitochondrial function. This study used apoptosis-deficient cells to reveal ER stress effects on metabolism, offering insights into cell death mechanisms.

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Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
03:48

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Published on: December 6, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
03:48

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Stress response

Background:

  • Cellular metabolism is crucial for survival under stress.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can induce apoptosis, complicating metabolic studies.
  • Apoptosis-deficient cells are essential for studying ER stress without confounding cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic consequences of ER stress.
  • To elucidate the role of ER stress in cellular metabolism using a novel experimental model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent Bak-/-Bax-/- haemopoietic cells.
  • Administered tunicamycin to induce ER stress in apoptosis-deficient cells.
  • Employed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) to analyze metabolic changes.

Main Results:

  • ER stress significantly reduced glucose uptake and lactate production.
  • Mitochondrial function was compromised, indicated by decreased membrane potential, oxygen consumption, and ATP levels.
  • Reduced cell-surface GLUT1 levels and Akt signaling were observed, linking ER stress to altered glucose metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • ER stress significantly alters central metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function.
  • These metabolic changes may contribute to cell death observed in normal cells experiencing ER stress.
  • The findings provide a clearer understanding of metabolic adaptations during ER stress in viable cells.