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Related Concept Videos

Self Within Cultural Contexts01:30

Self Within Cultural Contexts

Cultural frameworks for understanding the self are often categorized into two broad orientations: individualism and collectivism. These paradigms influence how people define themselves, relate to others, and interpret their social worlds. Each orientation offers distinct perspectives on autonomy, responsibility, and the role of the individual within a community.Individualistic CulturesIn individualistic cultures like North America and Western Europe, identity is understood as autonomous and...
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication01:30

Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication

Since the early 2000s, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has grown rapidly, playing a crucial role in self-development. A key distinction between CMC and real-life interactions is the lack of a physically present partner. This absence makes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic signals unavailable in CMC platforms like email, instant messaging, or social media. The lack of these cues can create ambiguity and complicate how feedback is interpreted.The...
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Self-Esteem and Culture01:26

Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...
Personal Identity01:25

Personal Identity

Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness, highlighting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

Alienation, authenticity and the self.

Gavin Rae1

  • 1American Univ., Cairo, Egypt.

History of the Human Sciences
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alienation is a vital concept for understanding human existence, not an empty one. This study reveals alienation

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Published on: March 1, 2017

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Published on: March 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy
  • Existentialism
  • Social Theory

Background:

  • The concept of alienation is debated, with some viewing it as central to human existence and others as an empty notion.
  • Previous analyses often overlook the underlying ontological assumptions about the 'authentic self' within different conceptions of alienation.

Observation:

  • This article challenges the dismissal of alienation as an empty concept.
  • It demonstrates that various understandings of alienation are rooted in specific ideas of a preferable or authentic self.

Findings:

  • Alienation is underpinned by normative ontological conceptions of the authentic self.
  • The concept of alienation possesses significant ethical, existential, and socio-political applications.

Implications:

  • When correctly interpreted, alienation offers crucial insights into the human condition.
  • Understanding alienation is key to analyzing ethical, existential, and socio-political phenomena.