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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
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Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Commentary: The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection on lower facial contouring evaluated using a

Ki-Young Ahn1

  • 1Dr. Ahn's Plastic & Aesthetic Clinic, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea. kyahn4585@hanmail.net

Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [Et Al.]
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

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Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...