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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Severe giant cell arteritis associated with essential thrombocythaemia.

M Montalto, M Biolato, A Gallo

    International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
    |January 20, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Giant-cell arteritis (GCA), a condition affecting elderly individuals, can cause vision loss. This case highlights a severe instance of GCA linked with essential thrombocythaemia, a disorder of high platelet counts.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
    06:35

    An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

    Published on: February 8, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Hematology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium arteries, common in individuals over 50.
    • Ophthalmic artery involvement in GCA can lead to irreversible vision loss, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.
    • Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by elevated platelet counts, increasing the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications.

    Observation:

    • This report details a rare case of severe GCA presenting concurrently with essential thrombocythaemia.
    • The patient exhibited clinical and pathological features consistent with severe temporal arteritis.

    Findings:

    • The co-occurrence of severe GCA and essential thrombocythaemia suggests a potential link between elevated platelet counts and the pathogenesis of GCA.
    • High platelet counts may contribute to the obstruction of ophthalmic circulation in GCA patients.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering hematological conditions like ET in patients with GCA, particularly those with severe presentations.
    • Further research into the interplay between thrombocytosis and vasculitis may reveal novel therapeutic targets for GCA.
    • Recognizing this association can improve diagnostic strategies and patient management for GCA and ET.